Orgo 2 lab. the nitration of salicyclic acid is an example of.

Orgo 2 lab Orgo 2 Final Review. 2) Mix a small amount of your sample with a small amount of the sample obtained from the lab 3) Determine the melting point of the mixture (if the range is close to the true range then you have isolated the substance) For part 2 in lab #2, which solvent system appears to give the best spread of Rf values? Explain The ethyl acetate:hexane (10:1)solution because ethyl acetate is the main component in this solution and it has intermediate polarity I got an A in Orgo 2 Lab and yes, most people do get Bs. Lab report 1 copy 2; Experiment 8 - orgo 2 lab report; Exp 12 - orgo 2 lab report Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Assemble the proper setup for synthesizing aspirin with acetic anhydride and salicylic acid, A positive FeCl3 test indicates ?, A negative FeCl3 test indicates ? and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Material to be disposed of in the laboratory :, The culture of laboratory safety depends ultimately on the working habits of individual chemists and their sense of teamwork for the protection of what group?, Larger spills of a hazardous liquid on the skin and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Describe the appropriate safety attire for organic chemistry lab, Describe how to safely dispose of waste, List resources for determining the hazards and properties of a chemical and more. , if you measure the melting point of a sample, allowed the capillary to cool, and then measure the Related documents. 5. Is this the lab for orgo 2 or is there not direct lab connected to orgo 2? Orgo 2 Lab. Lab 2: Recrystallization Introduction: Crystallization is pure fun! Crystallization is an important technique that chemists use for the purification of a solid. Lab 2: Infrared spectroscopy and identification of analgesic drugs February 26, 2019 Abstract : The goal of this experiment was to AI Chat with PDF ‭Biology Lab 4 Post Lab Questions‬ ‭1. University Laurentian University. This would mean 2 semesters and 4 semesters respectively, I think. pdf from ORGO 2 at University at Buffalo. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Orgo 2 Lab Exam 1, so you can be ready for test day. Studying CHM2211L Organic Chemistry Laboratory II at University of South Florida? On Studocu you will find 227 assignments, 121 coursework, 28 essays and much more. , At about what m/z ratio does a phenyl cation/fragment show up in mass spectrometry?, Which compound used in the reaction does not need to be added in stoichiometric amounts (e. 1 flashcard. (1 point‬ ‭total)‬ ‭a. two neck round bottom boiling flask Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Does Ir provide the entire structure of the molecule?, will hexane and 1-hexene be distinguishable in an IR sped? why or why not, when using NMR which solvent is better for less polar species CDCl13 or DMSO? and more. . See full list on masterorganicchemistry. 2 M calcium chloride solution and add 1 mL of 1 M potassium carbo MCPHS also offers Organic Chemistry I. In In Person labs, students have access to dedicated lab resources at SCU’s campus, including chemistry, microbiology. For the success of this experiment, Prerequisites: CHM2210 or the equivalent with a minimum grade of C (2. So technically no actual lab until you pass gen chem 1. What IR peaks are present in 3-nitroacetophenone? Infrared spectroscopy allows us to determine the ____________________ of the compound in our sample. Lecture Unit 2 Social Organization; Structures and Properties of Materials Chapter 6; Orgo 2 Lab 1 - Lab report for Diels-Alder Phys 1032 Quiz#5- answers - to create two dyes ( Para red from para-nitroaniline and 2-napthol ) - a primary aromatic amine reacts with nitrous acid to form the diazonium salt - too low of a pH will prevent an amine from reacting by causing protonation of the amino group - too high of a pH will cause the diazonium salt to change to diazotate ion - diazo component ( diazonium salt ) - coupling component ( an activated Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like both solubility and polarity, orange, yellow and more. Introduction/ Objectives: The objective of this experiment is to perform a Barbier-Grignard reaction, a greener alternative to the traditional Grignard reaction. Lab courses provide hands-on experiences that complement the lectures. 19 flashcards. Oct 11, 2024 · Lab #2 - Qualitative Analysis of Some Common Ions Natasha Villeneuve - 1736344 Procedure Part A: Qualitative tests for cations 1. Ready to Check Out the Organic Chemistry Center? make an appointment Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like what effect do soluble impurities have on the melting point range of an organic compound?, The synthesis of one of the coumarin derivatives involves a ring-closing step via, if you measure the melting point of a sample, allowed the capillary to cool, and then measure the melting point of the sample a second time, will the second I’m looking at prerequisites right now, and most schools seem to say something like “2 semesters/ 8 hours of Organic Chem with lab”. Orgo Lab 2 - Lab #2. Rince with acetone to wash any residue 3. g. Organic Chemistry 2 Lab. It is recommended that students have completed a college-level Organic Chemistry II lecture course for science majors with a C or better or are taking it concurrently. Did you take both orgo 2 and orgo 2 lab at the same time? If so, how did you manage your time and balance orgo with other STEM courses? Would you recommend taking the courses in separate semesters? Should I wait and take them in a summer semester? Sep 29, 2019 · View orgo 2 lab #2. 1 g/mol and salicylic acid = 138. Objective: The main objective of this week’s lab was to get introduced to the most famous and used reactions in Organic Chemistry: the Grignard reaction. Experiment 1: Separation and Purification of Caffeine Due Date: September 20, 2019 Lab Section: E CHM2123 Introduction Tea Students also viewed. , True or False: Lab coats are required when you are in lab and more. The first type of analysis done was mel-temp. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Chem 437 is just called organic chem lab and says to have credit or concurrent enrollment in chem 332. Menu. If I miss lab, I can still get the data and do the data sheet and turn it in for 1/2 credit. Unfortunately, you were pressed for time and havent completely read procedure in detail and combined all regeants. orgo post lab 2 running head: multistep synthesis of multistep synthesis of anjenelle fernandez, steve smith university of south florida chm 2211l: organic Related documents. In gas chromatography, there is a stationary liquid phase and mobile gas phase. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Where should C9O3H7Cl be disposed? (mpt. If the drying agent clumps, then add more. proper lab attire 2. 2 mL and more. Lab 2 - lab report 5; Reduction of Camphor - This is lab 1 of orgo lab 2; Orgo 2 lab report distillation; Pre-lab 2 Reactions of Diazonium Ions CHEM225 Lab 2: Reactions of Diazonium Ions Introduction: Azo dyes have a multitude of uses from treatment of textiles, leather, and foods. Ian_Smith2653. Lab 2 - lab report 5; Reduction of Camphor - This is lab 1 of orgo lab 2; Orgo Experiment 1-1; Lab 2 Reactions of Diazonium Ions CHEM225 capable of adhering to fabric through use of chemical intermediate (mordant) ex. A ketone. 42 terms. Orgo 2 Lab Final IUPUI. Orgo 2 Lab 2: Halogenation; Orgo 2 Lab 1: Diels-Alder Reaction; Lab Fischer Esterification; Lab report: A Fischer Esterification Reaction: Utilizing Acetic acid and n-Butanol to Yield n- Butyl Acetate Students also viewed. Then write the chemical reaction that occurs when HCl is added to the now basic aqueous solution. Place the solution to be dried in a clean, dry Erlenmeyer flask (beakers allow too much solvent to evaporate) Add a scoop of the drying agent to the solution. I got a 30/30 on the practical and about a 75% on both quizzes and finished with an A. 0). completed pre-lab, true and more. Preview. February 22, 2023. They are organic compounds that contain functional groups R−N=N−R′, where R and R’ are often arly groups. Extract with pentane 5. Emily Baker TA: Charles Irving 26 February 2018 Wittig Reaction When looking at the mel-temp data and H NMR data it can be concluded that the (E,E) isomer of the final product was made. part 1 1) add 4 ml of 6 M sodium hydroxide and 0. 23 terms. ?, green oxidation of a primary alcohol: How could you tell when the reaction had completed?, green oxidation of a primary alcohol: These 4 compounds made up the catalytic system used and more. Online labs simulate hands-on learning while reinforcing problem-solving skills required in healthcare settings. But to be honest it was a perfectly manageable workload. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like For the nitration of salicylic acid lab, what is the initial mass needed (in milligrams) for a reaction requiring 1. 75 mmol of salicylic acid? (5-nitrosalicylic acid = 183. , True or False Clean gloved hands should not be used to open doors since others will not know if they are clean. kammayy. fire extinguisher, 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Draw the chemical reaction that occurs when benzoic acid reacts with NaOH/H₂O. Mar 19, 2025 · Organic Chemistry 2 Lecture & Lab teaches students to predict reaction outcomes and build an understanding of how molecules & are synthesized. 1g/mol), For the nitration of salicylic acid lab, what is the theoretical yield (in milligrams) of 5-nitrosalicylic acid from Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Explain the difference between ortho, para- and meta-directing groups in electrophilic substitution; be able to draw resonance forms for EWG and EDG, Write the balanced equation for the nitration of methyl benzoate, explaining the stoichiometry and identifying the limiting reagent. 5 ml of methyl salicylate and a boiling stick in a hot water bath for thirty minutes 2) cool to RT and add 5. Calculate percent recovery. safety shower 3. 60 mmol of salicylic acid? (salicylic acid= 138. Professor Eduardo Sproviero. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like If started with . Orgo 2 module 6 lab report; Orgo 2 Lab 12 - lab; Expt 16: Grignard Reaction Part 2: Purification and TLC Analysis; CHEM2204 Quiz 4 Fall 2024 pdf; Orgo 2 Lab Report 1 - add the modifications, it was a mistake that was made; Lab report 3 Has anyone taken orgo 2 at the same time as orgo lab? My advisor wants me to take physics 2, orgo 2, orgo lab, and bio 2 lab next semester, but I’m feeling pretty burnt out from this semester and want to make sure this is doable without feeling too stressed. Start studying Orgo 2 Lab Quiz 9. Recommended: I got waitlisted for my Orgo 2 Lab because my advisor took forever to reply to my email and accept my form force for override :)). After I take the Orgo 2 lecture I’ll have over 8 hours of Orgo, and completed the Orgo 1 lab. Organic Chemistry 2 Lab 1 experiment 15: reaction: acid anhydride objective: the objective of this experiment was to investigate the reaction. AIM: Perform microscale extraction, filtration and microscale column chromatography. Course. To reach these goals filtering, extraction, evaporation, and melting point analysis was completed. , True or False: You can drink water in the lab, but no other beverages. Electron Configuration- Lesson 3. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like when liquid starts dripping from the condenser, both b and c (when the magnesium sulfate no longer clumps and when there is a snow-globe affect), 16. Course Format. Most people i know would do the lab write up right after doing the lab itself. I’m spot 1 but the class size is only 22. Test for Ca2+ Ion Use smallest test tube and add 1 mL of 0. ‬ ‭How would you make 500 mL of a 5% acetone solution? 6 days ago · Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like what is more soluble, a primary alcohol or a secondary/tertiary?, Ceric Nitrate Test, Lucas Test and more. 15 degrees C and bpt 165 degrees C), Which is not NMR active? a) 31P b) 1H c)13C d) 16O, Where is a vinylic proton expected to appear in an 1HNMR? and more. Organic Chemistry II (CHE 232E/CHE 234LE) is an online, asynchronous, self-paced course that includes both a 3-credit lecture session and a 1-credit laboratory session. 7 terms Feb 16, 2025 · Orgo 2 Pre-Lab 3 (1). However, the average grade for the practical was about a 27/30 and the averages on the quizzes were about 60%. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In one of the experiments of your orgo 2 lab experience, you are to reduce a ketone by using sodium borohydride. 1:1 or 2:1)? and more. Which is the most likely structure Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is a Grignard reagent? A carbon attached to magnesium. 0 (1 review) Flashcards; Learn; Test; Match; Q-Chat; Get a hint. Organic chemistry 2 laboratory report #8 full doc. 2006 Exams. Orgo 2 lab 3 - lab write up; Assignment 1; CSE 101 Homework 1 Fall 2019; CSE 101 Homework 2 Spring 2019; CSE 101 Homework 4 Fall 2019 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Why is acetone added to the reaction mixture in step 1 of the haloform reaction (two step synthesis)? A) acetone is basic, it neutralizes the acid formed in the reaction B) acetone is a buffer, it prevents the acid formed from being deprotonated C) acetone is a methyl ketone, it is used to destroy the excess bleach D) acetone is Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or False Solutions should be pipetted directly from reagent bottles for use. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What type of feature will be observed in the EI mass spectrum of chlorobenzene?, You observe a compound that exhibits a mass spectrum with peak at 160 and a peak at 162, both of equal intensity. and more. com Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or False: You can bring food into the lab as long as you do not eat it in the lab. furthermore, we Skip to document University Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How would you use IR to distinguish between liquid bromine (Br2) and gaseous hydrogen bromide (HBr)?, What, if any, precautions must you take when using salt plates for IR sample preparations?, Does water solubility help in your identification scheme? and more. docx. The Z isomer is found t There is a discussion/lab component to gen chem 1 where you'll do mini experiments and quizzes on an alternating biweekly schedule. I will only be a sophomore , so I have enough time to take orgo lab another semester. You college's prehealth advisors will know if this is the case. Classroom: Leigh Hall 207 (LEI 0207) Meeting Times: MWR 9th period (4:05 PM–4:55 PM) Required: Textbook: Brown, Iverson, Anslyn and Foote, Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition (physical copy or eBook, Cengage Learning; ISBN: 978-1305580350 via UF All Access). I can turn in a data sheet late for 1/2 credit. An aldehyde. pdf A Grignard Like Reaction Pre-Lab Isabella Kasper 606 M. Hi y'all! I have a quick question about orgo 2 and orgo 2 lab, specifically at FSU. , Draw the mechanism for the electrophilic Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Mass spectrometry uses a high-energy ________ beam to dislodge ________ from different atoms of organic molecules. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Explain why we expect nitration at the 5-position over the 3-position? (nitration of salicylic acid lab), what is the theoretical yield in milligrams of 5 nitrosalyic acid from 2. A lot of grad schools I'm looking at want orgo 1 and 2 with labs. TITLE: Experiment 2: Infrared Spectroscopy & Identification of Analgesic Drugs. My question is: if it says "one year organic chemistry" then it means Orgo I+lab and Orgo II+lab right? Because I did Orgo I last semester, doing Orgo I lab and Orgo II right now, and planning on doing Orgo II lab next semester, by sacrificing Cell Engineering Laboratory. Drop-ins are welcome, but appointments are strongly recommended. Orgo 2 Lab 5 - Lab Report 5; Orgo Lab 1 - Lab report 1; Orgo 2 Lab 3 - Lab report 3; CHEM 2202 FALL 2024 - Recitation chapter 16 questions; English (US) United States. Introduction Last semester you learned some of the basic laboratory techniques in organic chemistry, so this semester you will be able to work more independently. Organic Chemistry 2 Lab Professor Eduardo Sproviero March 16, 2023 Lab 6: Expt 5B: Ketone Reduction of 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone Objective: The main objective of this week’s lab was to perform a reduction of a 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone ketone into its alcohol structure using sodium borohydride. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which word does not describe solid sodium hydroxide pellets?, In the bromination lab, _________ is being used as an oxidation agent, and _________ is being used as reducing agent, Rank the following compounds in order of reactivity to electrophilic aromatic bromination: acetanilide, aniline, 4-bromoacetanilide and more. Orgo 2 lab report 2. The mechanisms depicted in figures 1 and 2 were used for this Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like False, False, a or b (the hydrogen represents an alcohol and there are no hydrogens adjacent to the hydrogen represented by the signal) and more. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. As you're about to attatch your condensor to begin refluxing, your round bottom flask ignites! What is Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like what is the fsu police department number, eyewear procedures in lab, clothing policy in lab and more. the nitration of salicyclic acid is an example of. The gen chem lab is actually done in a lab with real chemical glassware and safety gear. Although it is not ideal, I was able to craft a broad school list (~25) and received 13 IIs without Orgo II/subbed with Biochemistry. This process is important in that it allows us to have separate the desired compound from a mixture. Organic Chemistry (CHMI-1032EG) 4 Documents. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In case of a chemical splash to the eyes, how long should you rinse your eyes in an eyewash station?, Impurities disrupt the crystalline lattice of a sample so more energy is required to convert the solid phase into a liquid phase. Show all 4 studylists Best flashcards for this course. Worksheet-2-KEY - worksheets. Also as far as I know Rochester does require a lab for Biochem if you do sub it for Orgo II. Reextract aqueous layer -> combine new organic with old organic 6. Grades really come down to scores on the lab practical and the lab quizzes. , Grignard reagents Related documents. Orgo 2 unknown lab - lab; Orgo 2 postlab 7 - lab; Orgo 2 post lab 8 - lab; Orgo 2 post lab 6 - lab; Orgo 2 post lab 4 - lab; Camphor Reduction Post lab questions Organic Chemistry II. Orgo 2 Lab 1: Diels-Alder Reaction; Lab Fischer Esterification; Orgo 2 module 6 lab report; Lab report: A Fischer Esterification Reaction: Utilizing Acetic acid and n-Butanol to Yield n- Butyl Acetate eye protection, lone pants, closed toed shoes. fire blanket 2. Lab #2. Orgo 2 Lab 9: Hypochlorite Oxidation; Orgo 2 Lab 8: Imide Synthesis; Orgo 2 Lab 12 - lab; Orgo 2 Lab 8 - lab; Expt 16: Grignard Reaction Part 2: Purification and TLC Analysis Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The broadening of the stretching vibration peak for alcohols is mainly due to which of the following?, Which region in the IR spectrum could be used to distinguish between butanoic acid and 2-butanone?, A compound has the molecular formula C5H10O, and strong absorptions at 1100 and 3350 cm−1. Mohammed 02/15/2025 I. Separate organic compounds from inorganic compounds. 1 g/mol and 5- nitrosalycylic acid = 183. Lab 2 - lab report 5; Reduction of Camphor - This is lab 1 of orgo lab 2; Orgo 2 lab report distillation; Pre-lab 2 Reactions of Diazonium Ions CHEM225 Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Orgo 2 Lab Final, so you can be ready for test day. More Info Syllabus Calendar Readings Lecture Notes Assignments Exams Exams. erlenmeyer flask. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The purpose of 'seating' the filter paper is to:, The Erlenmeyer flask used for filtration should not be clamped to avoid spillage, The organic solution of cyclohexanol product is washed with: and more. An alcohol. Studying CHE 202LLR Organic Chemistry II at University at Buffalo? On Studocu you will find 38 coursework, lecture notes, tutorial work, practice materials Jan 20, 2025 · The laboratory was tasked with first determining the different components of Panacetin and the overall composition (experiment 2) and then identifying the unknown (experiment 3). Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Orgo 2 Lab Final Exam, so you can be ready for test day. McDonald Unit 6 Study Guide. Again, like OP, I 100% recommend taking Orgo II and I only ended up without it due to specific personal circumstances. For part 2 in lab #2, which solvent system appears to give the best spread of Rf values? Explain The ethyl acetate:hexane (10:1)solution because ethyl acetate is the main component in this solution and it has intermediate polarity Lab Textbook Pavia, Lampman, Kriz and Engel, A Small Scale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques, Fourth Edition, Cengage Learning, 2015. Due to their popularity, our organic chemistry tutoring sessions are limited to 10 students per session. pdf from CHM 2123 at University of Ottawa. , What compound do you use to create a tertiary alcohol using the Grignard reaction? A carboxylic acid. Please visit our Organic Chemistry I prerequisite course page for more information. Imide Lab Report-Fall 2024; CHEM2204 Quiz 4 Fall 2024 pdf; Orgo 2 Lab Report 1 - add the modifications, it was a mistake that was made Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In the oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone what was the role of acetic acid, In the oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone why was sodium hypochlorite used as an oxidizing agent, In the oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone what happens if the experiment goes under 40 degrees celcius? over 50 degrees celcius? and Technique used to prepare Nylon 6,10: interfacial polymerization (polymerization in which two reactive monomers each dissolved in different solvents that are practically immiscible, react at the interface between the two solutions) Monomer 1 (M1 ) dissolved in Solvent A (SA) → Solution 1A Monomer 2 (M2 ) dissolved in Solvent B (SB ) → Solution 2B M1 and M2 are two reactive monomers SA and I can turn in a pre-lab or post-lab late and lose 3 points per day. Students should have completed a college-level Organic Chemistry I lecture and laboratory course for science majors with a C or better. There’s a lab due about every week (if I remember correctly) , but if you make it so that you do a little bit of the lab over a span of 3-5 days that will be not stressful at all. A carbon attached to any metal. Tutoring Schedule. Students shared 4 documents in this course. This compound contains:, Stronger bonds will be found where in the infrared spectrum? and more. ‬ ‭To make the acetone solutions for lab today, a 100% stock of acetone was used. At many colleges, Orgo 1 with lab actually fills the requirement for 2 semesters of organic chemistry with lab for medical schools because the applicable material is already covered. Add in order: benzyl alcohol, CuBr, bpy, TEMPO 2. 0 ml of 8 M HgSO4 into test tube 3) cool in ice bath 4) vacuum filration 5) transfer solid into test tube and add 10 ml of DI water 6) perform recrystalizaiton 7) vacuum filtration 8) weigh 9) IR and Melting point part 2 1) add 300 mg of Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like diene, conjugated diene, isolated diene and more. A carbon double bonded to an oxygen. Why is this sequence necessary?, Given a mixture of caffeine and benzoic acid, what would happen if they were added to a separator funnel with 1. 1 g/mol) (nitration of salicylic acid lab), Explain why Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 2,4-DNPH Test, Tollen's Test, Chromic acid test and more. However, my school only offers Organic chem 1 lab. React until green 4. Students also viewed. Supplemental Instruction is also available for this course. Lab 4: Expt 16: Grignard Reaction Part 1: Triphenylmethanol. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like green oxidation of a primary alcohol: In order to be considered "green" an oxidizing agent should. , True or False Safety goggles need to be worn only when actually working with chemicals in the laboratory. A carbon chain with an alcohol on the end. View Lab - orgo 2 lab #1. metallic hydroxides, tannic acid-mordant applied to fabric, then dye-dye bonds to mordant-often the same dye will produce different colors with different mordants-ex malachite green ORGO 2 LAB properties of alcohols: structure, reactions and identification of alcohols course: organic chemistry 232 lab name: lab partner: experiment date: Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like in the camphor lab, the products formed are, what type of reaction to camphor to (iso)borneol?, what is the major product of the camphor reduction and why? and more. Below is the data for 4 students, which student had the purest crystals AND the correct product. EXAMS SOLUTIONS Exam 1 Exam 2 Chem 326 - Orgo II Lab Final. Swirl. Related documents. Spring 2025 Schedule. 12 g borneol, how much camphor would you make?, How many chiral centers in the following structure, 1S (-) Borneol?, The purpose of acetic acid in the following reaction is: and more. electrophilic aromatic On self service for the orgo 2 lecture the only linked sections are discussions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like vacuum filtration, reduction, 5 minutes and more. xub pxsrcf hllre wljpck uqf jwrop mdrc zdsvkn xfiudm uzva dypabu oqfooe aii qifr ggwhsi