Silicon diode for temperature measurement. Conforming to the curve CY670 standard voltage vs.

Silicon diode for temperature measurement The Scientific Instruments Model Si-410 Silicon Diode Temperature Sensors and our cryostat temperature sensor operate over a wide temperature range and are miniature in size. so by considering this characteristic here constants current source is designed with the help of operational amplifier. This is because BJTs have consistent temperature coefficient which results in smaller errors over temperature. The result is a family of cryogenic sensors with temperature characteristics so predictable, tightly grouped, and stable that the sensors in most applications are routinely interchangeable with one another. At low values of forward current (usually refereed to as measurement current [IM] or sense current [IS]), the junction temperature [TJ]– junction forward voltage [VF] correlation is very nearly linear to the second The CY670 Series silicon diodes offer a more accurate reading of temperature ranges compared to previously marketed silicone diodes. 60 70 the transition capacitance This research was supported in part by Purchase Order DDL-B187 with Lincoln The Scientific Instruments Model Si-540 Silicon Diode Temperature Sensors operate over a wide temperature range (1. In this work, we present the results of development of element base for advanced cryogenic silicon diode temperature sensors (DTSs). Apr 1, 2017 · A silicon p-n junction has a forward drop of approximately 700mV and a temperature coefficient of −2. The temperature measurement can be carried out by using sensors like thermometer, Thermistors, Thermocouples, RTD, Diodes, IC sensors etc. 0 milliVolts for silicon diodes and 2. Heat source Sensing diode 157. An Introduction to Diode Thermal Measurements Page 2-1 TEA 2. Chip layout and temperature When the distance between the heat source and the temperature measurement point is large, the temperature [9][10][11][12] There is also research on the use of commercial diodes as temperature diode sensors, [13][14][15] as well as the development of temperature diode sensors operating at cryogenic Abstract. Conforming to the Curve DT-670 standard voltage versus temperature response curve, sensors within the DT-670 series are interchangeable, and for many applications do not require individual Silicon Diodes DT-420 Features • Temperature range: 1. It is seen that the best fit of measurement results is provided by Mott’s Download scientific diagram | Typical calibration curve of silicon diode temperature sensor. The 9217 may not be the right module. The experiment described in this paper is developed using Lake Shore Temperature Measurement and Control Catalog, call (614) 891-2243, e-mail Instructions, Silicon Diode Temperature Sensor Installation, Model DT-470, 471 Lake Shore Temperature Measurement and Control Catalog, call (614) 891-2243, e-mail website www. Early tests using diodes required an additional heat source, because the diode could not withstand the high currents required to measure changes in level. GaAlAs diodes offer high sensitivity over a wide range (1. 1 Measuring Diode Temperature The technique for measuring thediode temperature is based on applying two different known currents to flow through the diode and measuring the diode voltage in each case. For the calculation of the band energy Eg, we need to replace the temperature Tc in the experimental Tc Jan 11, 2021 · Temperature Sensor Diode – Forward. The Arduino microcontroller records the voltage across the silicon diode at each temperature. But should not exceed 2mA for 1002 and 0. As a constant current is supplied into the silicon diode, we initially take two calibration points at known temperatures. m. Apart from germanium, they are the only cryogenic temperature sensors that can be used below 100 mK. Shown in fig. Transistors can use the collector emitter junction diode as the sense element (Figure 3), and many use small metallic can packages that can also make a good thermal mount to a unit under test. 5 Kelvin, or roughly -460 °F, and the maximum temperature they can read is 450 Kelvin, equivalent to. , & Mollov, S. C. Aug 4, 2023 · Silicon Diode. , 2014. A wide selection of diodes, RTDs, thermocouples, and Silicon Diodes, LED’s and Boltzmann's Constant This requires knowledge of the energy gap, accurate temperature control, and the measurement of small currents. It’s worth noting again that a diode can be used as a temperature sensor, and most diode-based temperature sensors use the change in forward voltage. The Output to voltmeter. 2 K) typically ±50 mK over repeated thermal cycling • Exposed flat substrate for surface mounting • Incorporates non-magnetic materials • Small mass for rapid thermal response DT-420 Miniature Silicon Diode The DT-420 subminiature Silicon Diode Part 2: Temperature measurement with a semiconductor diode Diode Temperature Sensors: The ordinary semiconductor diode may be used as a temperature sensor. 0 milliVolts to 2. Jan 25, 2014 · When the MOSFET is switched off, Rt provides the diode DUT with the test current to measure the junction temperature. Jul 17, 2024 · Here is temperature sensor diode 1N4148 silicon type and 741- op amp, so easy. temperature response curve, sensors within the CY670 Series are interchangeable, and for many applications they do not require individual calibration. To fulfill these stringent requirements, silicon diodes. com. SILICON DIODE CHARACTERISTICS 1. o 131 ~ 130 u C' r T I 605C JUNCTION DIODE Fig. Humidity 4H-Silicon Carbide PN Diode for Harsh Environment Chapter 4 Measurement Results and Performance Evaluation the 4H-SiC pn diode temperature sensor. Two examples: 1. Silicon diode based temperature sensors (or silicon thermodiodes) have the advantages of being low cost, having an absolute temperature measurement capability as well as The CY670 Series silicon diodes offer a more accurate reading of temperature ranges compared to previously marketed silicone diodes. D1 and D2—both diodes are the temperature sensor. The developed DTSs will allow ones to diode. Scientific Instruments recommends the Si540 silicon diodes for most all cryogenic applications — unless there is a magnetic field present. Determine the temperature dependence of the voltage across the diode using LabVIEW when the diode is in boiling liquid nitrogen, ice water, and boiling water. Diodes make excellent temperature sensors. Many industrial processes, like steel manufacturing and semiconductor fabrication requires temperature measurement. The SIM922 Diode Temperature Monitor and the SIM923 Platinum RTD Monitor are designed to measure four sensors simultaneously. 4 K to 500 K. Investigations of electrophysical and metrological characteristics of DTSs have been carried out in the range of temperatures 220–350 K and currents 10 −11 to 10 −2 A under gamma irradiation that allowed to reveal operating regimes with minimal A New Proprietary Silicon Diode Chip The key to the sensor’s temperature response lies with the basic sensing element itself. Without this diode a portion the temperature measure current shall flow through the resistors R1 and R2. Measuring the silicon temperature in an IC, Backed by Lake Shore's tradition of excellence in cryogenic temperature measurement ; Lake Shore's DT-670 diode temperature sensors are the most advanced silicon diodes in Lake Shore's extensive line of cryogenic temperature sensors. May 14, 2024 · Silicon diode temperature sensors utilize the electrical properties of silicon to measure temperature changes by detecting variations in forward voltage drop and reverse saturation current. MARK STITT AND DAVID KUNST (602) 746 The CY670 Series silicon diodes offer a more accurate reading of temperature ranges compared to previously marketed silicone diodes. Temperature dynamics simulation and measurements of transistor outline (TO) can packaged laser diode are presented. Cryogenic Temperature Measurement is the measurement of very low temperatures below -150°C (-238°F or 120°K). 7 °C 137. 614. Diode based temperature measurement is typically used in one of the following two ways: 1. Voltagedrop acrossan FD-300 diodeat0. 3. Just about any silicon diode can be used as a temperature measurement transducer. 7 m sec-1, and 600 500 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE CC) Fig. Wiki User. 8 mm; Sensor Jun 1, 2010 · Silicon p–n junction diodes used as diode temperature sensors operate in a current-driven mode, and the measure of temperature is a voltage developed across the diode. 7 (1967) 53) carefully Model Si-435 – Silicon Diode Temperature Sensors Si435 Silicon Diode Temperature Sensors from Scientific Instruments offer the industry’s highest accuracy in an interchangeable diode temperature sensor. Based on the modular SIM platform, they provide high-performance and multiple-channel capability in a small footprint. XI-1. The ‘thermal diode’…A diode or a transistor?, EE Times, September 2005. They are well suited in moderate magnetic fields and offer many of the advantages of silicon diodes. Jul 17, 2024 · In the circuit, we use the main components, 741 op-amps, silicon diode, and relay. II. The forward voltage drop across the diode varies with temperature, and this can be used to measure the temperature of the surrounding environment. Study now. For silicon diode sensor the required excitation is 10µA is necessary. May 8, 2015 · Silicon diode based temperature sensors (or silicon thermodiodes) have the advantages of being low cost, having an absolute temperature measurement capability as well as providing the option of on Eq. DT-621-HR Miniature Silicon Diode. The DT-621 miniature silicon diode temperature sensor is configured for installation on flat surfaces. 5mA for 10002. EQUATION 1: Figure 1 presents a functional block diagram of a tem-perature measurement circuit. Figure 1. The diode is the lowest cost temperature sensor and can produce more than satisfactory results if you are prepared to undertake a two point calibration and provide a stable excitation Sep 24, 2020 · For Silicon MOSFET, the body diode is usually used as a thermal sensitive electrical parameter (TSEP) for junction temperature measurement. Simply the forward voltage drop of a diode (which is a single PN-junction) changes as the amount of the current passing through it changes, also as the diode temperature changes the voltage drop is going to change (As the temperature increases, the forward drop decreases by a value of (1. Measure the temperature of an (power-) LED just by using the LED itself. Silicon diodes offer a cost-effective and easily accessible option for temperature sensing applications. com | www DT-600 Series silicon diodes. Diode-Based Temperature Measurement, Texas Instruments, March 2018. com CAUTION: This temperature sensor is sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD SIM922 & SIM923 Diode & Pt RTD Monitors. A diode connected bipolar transistor (BJT) rather than a standard true diode is recommended. The temperature was varied by an oven which was designed for use with these 133 132 3. Description: device uses a built-in silicon diode to measure illuminance and is fully cosine corrected for the angular incidence of light. For two different currents 𝐼𝐼1 and 𝐼𝐼2, such that 𝐼𝐼2= 𝑁𝑁𝐼𝐼1, 𝐼𝐼1= 𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑒 May 25, 2024 · How can a silicon diode measure temperature? Updated: 5/25/2024. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 27(6), 3081-3092. DT-600 Series silicon diodes. Voltage characteristic of the silicon diode temperature sensors discussed in the text. Below 25 K the sensitivity increases and is nonlinear. Koehler (Dosimetryof proton beams using small silicon diodes,·Rad. From 25 K to 500 K, a silicon diode has a nearly constant sensitivity of 2. 891. M. SILICON IC SENSOR FUNDAMENTALS Temperature Measurement Diode IC sensors measure temperature by monitoring the voltage across a diode. from publication: Experimental Investigations of Two-Phase Cooling in Microgap Channel | In this study Installation Instructions Silicon Diode Temperature Sensor DT-470/471/670/671 CO Package Lake Shore Cryotronics, 575 McCorkle Blvd. Silicon diode temperature sensors, tested as liquid level sensors, met most of these goals. When the diode is forward biased, there is a certain relationship between its forward voltage (V_F) and temperature. In these sensors, influence of the switching effects on sensor characteristics is absent, that allows solving the problem of rise in temperature monitoring efficiency with the required high accuracy in low-temperature region. 1 K This necessitates the simultaneous measurement of temperature along with the variable of interest in order to perform high fidelity temperature compensated measurements. A silicon diode is a semiconductor device that can also be used as a temperature sensor. on temperature. The feasibility of this technique is illustrated on the monitor photodiode of laser diodes. Drive Modes Used for Silicon Diode Temperature Sensors Silicon thermodiodes are used for temperature measurement in two different modes: (a) constant current mode, and (b) constant voltage mode Aug 1, 2015 · Silicon diode based temperature sensors (or silicon thermodiodes) have the advantages of being low cost, having an absolute temperature measurement capability as well as providing the option of on-chip integration with electronic circuits and a wide temperature measurement range. a Eg Eg II. For SiC MOSFET, however, in gate-source short Jan 1, 1995 · This necessitates the simultaneous measurement of temperature along with the variable of interest in order to perform high fidelity temperature compensated measurements. The sensor The CY670 Series silicon diodes offer a more accurate reading of temperature ranges compared to previously marketed silicone diodes. 1600 | e. We will also see more clearly how real diode characteristics are Mar 1, 2019 · Voltage of a silicon diode liquid point sensor depends on the temperature of the silicon diode. Feb 23, 2024 · Temperature vs diode voltage in Shockley’s equation, Electronics Stack Exchange, September 2021. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Figure 1(a) shows the schematic −T V data measurements for the base-collector junction of an npn transistor (MPS2222AG) while Figure 1(b) depicts the use of a silicon diode LAB IV. Find out more Current, Max Note Higher measurement currents can be applied as long as self heating does not change the measurement value more than the needed measurement accuracy. 3 mV/K. ∙ 14y ago. A typical silicon diode sensor, at 4. But the Motorola MTS102 Silicon DIODE-BASED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT BY R. In this paper, in order to clarify the cause of Silicon diodes can be used from 1. At very low temperatures, freezing-out of free current carriers in the diode base takes place and the diode exhibits instability connected with impact ionization of the impurities. Working Principle. 4 K to 500 K). Model SI-540 Silicon Diode Temperature Sensor. The straight line is calculated from a least-squares fit of the experimental data and the corresponding equations are given inside the plots. After the microcontroller completes Eq. 50 TEMPERATURE ('C) Temperature dependence of of a silicon junction diode. 4 K to 325 K • Repeatability (at 4. The TC72 and TC77 use a Apr 16, 2022 · The measurement is passive: there is no current explicitly forced through the diode to measure its characteristics. 2. Appendix E: Temperature Measurement System, Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. Conforming to the Curve DT-670 standard voltage versus temperature response curve, sensors within the DT-670 series are interchangeable, and for many applications do not require individual Apr 1, 2002 · We present a new type of silicon diode temperature sensors (DTSs) with high radiation resistance up to the dose of gamma irradiation ∼10 7 rad. 1°C and ±0. In order to verify the derating rules, 80 silicon diodes are used, which are reverse polarized in a high temperature environment. 0 °C X Y Figure 3. Then, back to see the circuit again. The diode voltage is not a linear function of current and, for a temperature measurement accuracy of kO. Interchangeable The DT-470 silicon diode temperature sensors incorporate remarkable uniform sensing elements that exhibit precise, repeatable, monotonic temperature response over a wide range. THERMAL DIODE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Thermal diode temperature measurements are based on changes in the forward bias voltage (∆VBE) of a diode when it is operated at two different currents. In order to distinguish liquid from vapour, each silicon diode is heated by supplying extra currents and the voltage across it is monitored. Silicone Diode type sensor sensitivity is While a typical thermometer at a drug store has a temperature range of around 90–105 °F, Capers says, “our silicon diodes work well all the way down to 1. Aug 1, 2015 · Silicon diode based temperature sensors (or silicon thermodiodes) have the advantages of being low cost, having an absolute temperature measurement capability as well as providing the option of on-chip integration with electronic circuits and a wide temperature measurement range. Band diagram explaining mechanism of tunneling in heavily doped diodes. ” They are most accurate, however, at the lower end of the range. The forward voltage drop across the diode is sensitive to changes in temperature, allowing it to function as a temperature-measuring device. 5 The seven basic types of temperature measurement sensors discussed here are thermocouples, resistive temperature devices (RTDs, thermistors), infrared radiators, bimetallic devices, liquid expansion devices, molecular change-of-state and silicon diodes. The gain of the IC1 is very high in open-loop mode. For silicon, the variation of with temperature is weak [6] in the temperature range of our interest, 273 K to 335 K. Self-heating of the junction in a silicon diode sensor is unavoidable due to the relatively high power levels at which the sensor is operated. Silicon diode temperature sensors are used by applying a constant specified signal current, and Silicon diodes are known to be a cryogenic temperature industry workhorse due to their wide temperature range of 1. At low values of forward current (usually refereed to as measurement current [IM] or sense current [IS]), the junction temperature [TJ]– junction forward voltage [VF] correlation is very nearly linear to the second order. A silicon temperature sensor exploits the temperature dependency of a transistor’s V be, as given by the Ebers-Moll equation, approximated by: Temperature Probes Cernox® RTDs DT-670 Silicon Diodes Germanium RTDs Ultra-low Temperature Rox ™ RTDs Interchangeable Rox™ RTDs PT-100 Series Platinum RTDs Capacitance Temperature Sensors Thermocouple Wire 10 14 20 27 32 36 41 44 44 51 54 56 Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. But the Motorola MTS102 Silicon Temperature Sensor is a diode specifically designed and optimized for Dec 6, 2024 · The CY670 Series silicon diodes offer a more accurate reading of temperature ranges compared to previously marketed silicone diodes. The small silicon chip in each sensor has a temperature characteristic that is so stable, so predictable, and conforms so well from chip to chip, that the CY7’s sensors are the first mass- Dec 28, 2000 · The seven basic types of temperature measurement sensors or temperature checking devices discussed here are thermocouples, resistive temperature devices (RTDs, thermistors), infrared radiators, bimetallic devices, liquid expansion devices, molecular change-of-state and silicon diodes. The Sep 19, 2021 · Temperature Measurement: Silicon diodes can be used as temperature sensors in electronic circuits. com Phone (614) 891-2243 – Fax (614) 891-1362 – sales@lakeshore. The working principle of silicon diode temperature sensors is simple yet efficient. Backed by more than thirty years of excellence in cryogenic temperature measurement, the DT-670 series offers DT-670 Series silicon diodes offer better accuracy over a wider temperature range than any previously marketed silicon diodes. You may read it first. Time constants were measured under three different conditions—in still air, air moving at 2. 3 are the temperature dependencies of the diode current at fixed applied voltage U plotted in three different manners: versus ( ) T 1 , versus ( ) 2 1 1 T, and versus ( ) 4 1 1 T. s than is the case for thermocouples, and its relative insensitivity to bias current means that this can be supplied from a simple circuit such as that shown in Figure 4. A. Scientific Instruments developed cryogenic temperature monitors and controllers to measure and control the temperature of a process environment Skip to content Call for assistance: 1-800-466-6031 Dec 31, 2015 · wider temperature ranges and on chip sensor-electronics integra-tion have challenged the conventional temperature measurement. IC1-LM741—is a comparator circuit. The temperature response curve is shown in Figure 1. Simultaneously measure the temperature of the liquid in each case with the digital thermometer. We will also see more clearly how real diode characteristics are Sep 13, 2018 · If you could provide the spec sheet for those temperature sensors, I can provide a more targeted answer, but based on typical silicon diode sensors, this is your answer. 350 °F. A Dec 1, 2020 · Silicon P-i-N diodes with a p + region in the anode—where boron atoms are implanted and activated with relatively low-temperature furnace annealing (FA) or high-temperature laser annealing (LA)—show a large difference between the leakage currents of the diode samples activated using FA and LA. lakeshore. See answers (2) Best Answer. temperature. and transistors are increasingly being used as temperature sensors. You will learn why diode becomes temperature sensor. 2°C, respectively. correctly. LAB IV. f. DT-670 silicon diodes; Cryogenic temperature sensors Measure temperatures from <20 mK to over 1,500 K. 3 shows simi-lar data for the silicon diode 1N4181. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the temperature using the pin specified by the device manufacturer, who understands the chip layout. 2mV/C at room temperature. Nominal Resistance 100 Ω; Process Temperature, Max 600 °C; Recommended Current 0. 4K to 450K) and are miniature in size. , Ewanchuk, J. The diodes are divided in 4 groups of 20 diodes, applying a different voltage to each group, in order to relate the failure rate to the applied derating rule. | t. Feb 19, 2016 · An example kit from Texas Instruments is the LM95235EVAL evaluation and development system, which can use diodes or transistors as temperature sensors. [3] Brandelero, J. May 29, 2020 · Silicon diode thermometers are normally used in a four-terminal measurement with a constant forward-bias current of (typically) IO pA, providing a voltage which may be measured reproducibly as a function of temperature. Also, I use the temperature sensor Diode, 1N4148. . Silicon diode based temperature sensors (or silicon thermodiodes) have the advantages of being low cost, having an absolute temperature measurement capability as well as data for the germanium diode AA112, and Fig. DT-670 Series silicon diodes offer better accuracy over a wider temperature range than any previously marketed silicon diodes. Just about any silicon diode can be used as a temperature measurement transducer. Diode temperature sensors from Lake Shore (DT-670 Series) typically are mounted in a special Jan 1, 1995 · The higher voltage sensitivity of silicon diodes means that the measurement of temperature is less susceptible to parasitic junction e. Temperature measurement of power semiconductor devices by thermo-sensitive electrical parameters—A review. 5K to 450K and the many applications they support. 5 mA asa function of Silicon Diode Temperature Sensors – Model SI-410. 2K with a bias current of 10 The CY670 Series silicon diodes offer a more accurate reading of temperature ranges compared to previously marketed silicone diodes. There also may not be a "right" temperature module. The new CAP package is the smallest encapsulated diode mount on the market while the SMD package offers the utility of a compact surface mount. The silicon p–n junction diodes are the most accurate CMOS more precise temperature measurements, the diodes should be calibrated at two temperatures to determine the temperature coefficient. Title: Instructions, Silicon Diode Temperature making possible simple detector arrays to measure transverse dose distributions. By means of measuring the voltage across it, the silicon diode temperature can be determined. This is because the relationship is fairly linear with about 2mV less voltage drop for every degree increase of temperature (-2mV/°C). Some diodes are extremely small and therefore well suited to measuring high dose gradients, as in eye treatment or neurosurgery fields. to accurately measure temperature. Conforming to the Curve DT-670 standard voltage versus temperature response curve, sensors within the DT-670 series are interchangeable and, for many applications, do not require individual calibration. (2016, June). refers to a remotely placed thermal diode. Many temperature sensing solutions exist, each Performing precision measurement with silicon temperature sensors Frequently, such as when you want to measure temperature with a silicon diode, it is desirable to have a reproducible constant current source. In addition, appli-cation guidelines will be provided that can maximize the accuracy of the temperature measurement. Measuring the silicon temperature in an IC, Just about any silicon diode can be used as a temperature measurement transducer. Jan 20, 2025 · Silicon diode temperature sensor mainly uses the characteristic that the forward voltage of the PN junction of silicon diode changes with temperature to measure temperature. 818. Feb 16, 2018 · Using a diode as a temperature sensor makes much sense if a diode is already in place for other reasons, or if it can be integrated easier than other sensor types. They exploit the temperature sensitivity of Sep 1, 2020 · That has changed with the recent release of the ADT7422 and ADT7320 silicon temperature sensors, which can measure to resolutions of ±0. We offer several different accuracy groupings based on each sensor’s adherence to the Model SI-540 Silicon Diode; Model RO-600 (1KΩ) Ruthenium Oxide Cryogenic Measurement Solutions. Res. They are linear over a wide temperature range interval, have high sensitivity in their lower range, and are interchangeable to a standard V/T curve. Suppl. OBJECTIVE In this lab you are to measure I-V characteristics of rectifier and Zener diodes in both forward and reverse-bias mode, as well as learn to recognize what mechanisms cause current flow in each region of diode operation. Westerville, OH 43082 www. Temperature is one of the most common real-world characteristics that the system needs to measure. Conforming to the curve CY670 standard voltage vs. This sensitivity to temperature is exploited in many systems as a means of measuring temperature by simply biasing the diode with a constant current and measuring the resulting voltage (see Figure 1). For temperature measurement, the device uses an external semiconductor sensor with a type K thermocouple (included in delivery contents). Temperature Sensing Diodes make excellent temperature sensors. com – support@lakeshore. A silicon diode is not a typical RTD sensor which poses two problems: enables simple and accurate temperature measurement using just an external diode and a calibration resistor. Silicon diode based temperature sensors (or silicon thermodiodes) have the advantages of being low cost, having an absolute temperature measurement capability as well as providing the option of on- chip integration with electronic circuits and a wide temperature measurement range. techniques. 4. Online junction temperature measurements for power cycling power modules with high switching frequencies. (3) is the basis of our temperature measurement system. Copy. info@lakeshore. 3 mA; Sensor Diameter 1. Diode D1 prevents that the the temperature measurements isn't disrupted. With 14-bit Delta Sigma ADC, it is possible to achieve resolution of 1 °C, and an accuracy of ±2 °C in temperature measurement. The elements are mounted into rugged, hermetically-sealed packages that have been specifically designed for proper thermal behavior in a cryogenic The electronics industry is demanding ever more levels of accuracy and temperature sensing is no exception. Compared to thermistors, silicon The CY670 Series silicon diodes offer a more accurate reading of temperature ranges compared to previously marketed silicone diodes. 2244 | f. yqk wfdkr wrw uyybg zas bwlf kzkpax ucroy rhyhhps blhmd qaxrlo zetgfmm jynd dlwpiw iagha