Traverse surveying calculations pdf. -Signs of Departures and Latitudes.

• Traverse surveying calculations pdf It is also suitable for the survey of roads, rivers, etc. traverse surveys 8. 2 Survey Menu 1) A traverse is a series of measured lines that form the boundary of an area. Describe the procedure of traversing; Calculate co-ordinates by way of the Bowditch method; Mention and describe the types of traverses; Comprehend the identify the class of traverse, accuracy and proportional closure; INTRODUCTION TRAVERSE Mar 1, 2021 · I have shared an excel spreadsheet for Traverse Corrections and Traverse Calculations by Compass Rule or Bowditch Rule. Jun 29, 2016 · Procedure Traverse; Calculations Traverse . Dec 10, 2012 · Traversing is a fundamental operation in surveying and the assessment of the quality of a traverse is a skill that every surveyor develops. The compass is setup at each of the successive station and fore & back bearing of A traverse is a survey where you have occupied each station and measured each angle and distance between points. 6 Adjustment of Networks / 291 16. Calculations are shown for whole circle bearings, coordinate differences, and adjusting for errors. E. Compass Survey: Here horizontal angular measurements are made using • Local attraction, correcting the bearings for local attraction. Also Read: Reconnaissance Survey in Civil Engineering. In traverse work, the survey lines are measured by chain or jdleykfoxlibrary kvalp re3ch00l rtrtq onterey,california9s943-b00s The spreadsheets are free to download and will do the traverse adjusments for you. When conducting a traverse, stations should be intervisible This calculation give us information about latitude and departure and length of traverse line for theodolite traversing. The document discusses traverse computations in surveying. Traverse surveying is presented as a method that provides higher accuracy compared to triangulation and trilateration techniques. Export results in multiple formats including PDF, CSV, and CAD-compatible files. Bearing: Horizontal angle bet ween reference meridian and survey line w hich is measured in clockwise and anticlockwise Apr 15, 2024 · This example shows how the Bowditch calculation sheet, introduced in Chapter 10, is used in a simple traverse to fix the positions of two unknown points (C and D, in Figure E. Acceptable traverses have angular and linear misclosures The document describes the process of traverse calculations to determine the area of a closed polygon using angular measurements and linear measurements between points. –4. A traverse is developed by measuring the distance and angles between points that found the boundary of a site Hypsometric Levelling in Surveying; Gales Traverse Table in Surveying - Excel, PDF, Image; 12+ Surveying Formulas helpful for Civil Engineers; 150+ Surveying Topics helpful for Civil Engineers; 75 Railway Engineering Topics helpful for Civil En Bench Marks in Surveying - Definition, and Types are the mathematical calculations. traditional horizontal control survey techniques 3. traverse survey guidelines 9. In this section, we will delve into the significance of traverse surveys, their historical context, and their relevance in modern engineering and land development projects. Wolf, 2008) This figure represents a typical traverse tie. A traverse may be (a) Closed or (b) Unclosed. pdf), Text File (. electronic distance measurement 6. 1. R. You can choose between Compass and Transit Rule and do closed and open traverse adjusments. where . Also I have described about Traversing: what are the types of Traverse (closed traverse, Open Traverse), Traverse calculations and adjustment of closing errors, traverse precision, latitude and departure, Bowditch Rule/Compass Rule, Transit Rule etc. Two point and three point problems. H . It begins by introducing traverses and their use of vectors to create polygons in space using direction and distance measurements. The multiple choice section covers topics like EDM, transit parts, tapes, and leveling. Example_of_traverse_calculation - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. The closure on the initial point should result in the same coordinates as the original point. Several techniques can be used to compute the area within a traverse, including graphical and angular methods. The lengths of the lines are determined by direct measurement of horizontal distances, slope measurement, or by indirect measurement using the methods of stadia or the subtense bar. Key steps include determining the angular misclosures, balancing any errors, calculating directions of sides, latitudes and departures, adjusting any linear misclosures, and calculating the enclosed area using double meridian 4. 2. 4 Numerical Example / 285 16. Closed traverses provide the primary method used in checking surveying field work. Key calculations include determining latitude and departure values from distance and bearing, summing totals, calculating corrections using Bowditch's method, and computing the 2 Memorial University of Newfoundland 1 ENGI3703- Surveying and Geomatics Fall 2007 Departures and Latitudes After balancing the angles, the next step in traverse computation is calculation of either azimuths or bearings. It lists the station names and coordinates, distances and directions between stations, delta Y and delta X values, misclosures, corrections, and final calculated coordinates for unknown stations. Short length are convenient, also that length of ties is shorter than a steel tape being used is convenient. Survey closure standards. 3 Redundant Equations / 284 16. 7 2 Test: Goodness of Fit / 300 Problems / 301 17 ADJUSTMENT OF GPS NETWORKS 310 17. The surveying performed to evaluate such field measurements is known as traversing. *Balancing latitude and departure -Correction for ∆E& ∆N: Bowditch adjustment or compass method -The example… Q-Cogo uses JavaScript for all land survey calculations: to use Q-Cogo, you MUST enable JavaScript in your browser. Compute course latitudes and departures. bearing and azimuth determination 5. Similarly, it does not start and end at points whose positions on plan are known. The traverse is the red dash-dot line. Closed Traverse A traverse is said to be closed when a complete circuit is made, i. Keywords: Surveying, traverse, propagation of variances. 1, with stations A, B, E and F having known co-ordinates. Fig 1 (a) open traverse (b) closed link traverse (c) closed loop traverse A E Connected Traverse Point Side Length Bearing ∆E ∆N E N A AB L AB α AB L ABsinα AB L ABcosα AB E A N A B BC L BC α BC L BCsinα BC L BCcosα BC C CD L CD α CD L CDsinα CD L CDcosα CD D DE L DE α DE L DEsinα A traverse is a continuous series of connected lines of known lengths related to one another by known angles. edu. General. It defines a traverse as a series of lines connecting survey points. Sample problems are provided for each type of traverse that involve measuring angles, calculating errors of closure, and adjusting angular values. CORE – Aggregating the world’s open access research papers SURVEYING 1 final exam - Free download as Word Doc (. There are two types of traverse surveying. In order to ease this process and to avoid various computational errors, this research presents an Object Oriented Program for the complete automation of the Traverse survey adjustment/computation process. When triangulation is not possible, traversing method is used. Nov 28, 2013 · Procedure Traverse; Calculations Traverse . The lengths are horizontal distances, and the azimuths or bearings are true, magnetic, assumed, or grid. TANDON for the civil engineering students. Chain/Tape Survey: This is the simple method of taking the linear measurement using a chain or tape with no angular measurements made. An example of a strong shape often used for studying deformation, such as on a landslide (Baum and others, 1988; Johnson & Baum, 1987) or for from an earthquake (Cruikshank and other, 1996; Johnson and others, 1997), is a braced It is arbitrary or permanent reading through which the survey works are done and calculation of the reduced level is done. It also provides objectives and guidelines for station selection and traverse calculations to determine coordinate positions and ensure survey accuracy. 2 days ago · Traverse surveying has been one of the most basic survey types being used for ages by surveyors. n. The procedure involved selecting a benchmark, taking readings from stations around the benchmark, moving the level to new positions and reading the benchmark again. e. They provide you with the best, worst and all closures depending on which station you start from. 6riduzhkdyhehhqphdvxulqjkrul]rqwdo dqjohve\xvlqjd&rpsdvvzlwkuhvshfwwrphulgldq zklfklvohvvdffxudwhdqgdovrlwlvqrwsrvvleohwr phdvxuhyhuwlfdodqjohvzlwkd&rpsdvv Compass Surveying INTRODUCTION In chain surveying the area to be surveyed is divided into a number of triangles. Unlike a loop traverse, a link traverse does not close back on itself. Progress around the traverse adding Latitudes algebraically to obtain the N-S (Latitude) coordinates at each station. Also some measurement which is omitted, they are also parts of closed traverse. Jun 25, 2019 · If all necessary bearings of a traverse are first converted to decimal azimuths, calculations become much easier. Adjustment Calculation of Traverse Survey Traverse survey is an integral part of plane control survey, which is to select a batch of plane control points in the survey area to form a plane control network, and use accurate methods to measure the plane positions of these points and calculate their coordinates. The whole area is 4 Survey traverse uncertainty Like any surveying technique, the uncertainty of a conventional traverse survey will directly propagate into the final survey control mark coordinate uncertainty. The document The lengths and azimuths or bearings of each line of the traverse are estimated through field measurements. 2) The methodology section explains how to perform closed and open traverses, taking horizontal angle and distance measurements at each station. 2 Observation Equations / 283 16. traverse misclosures) relate to the relative accuracy derived from a particular survey. In order for a link traverse to be closed, the positions of its endpoints must be known. Equipments: Chain, Tape, Ranging Rods, Arrows, Cross Staff. This document discusses traverse computations and adjustments. This relative accuracy (or, more correctly, This document is a spreadsheet program for open loop traverse computation observed by total station. The document discusses different types of surveying traverses including interior angle, deflection angle, angle to the right, and azimuth traverses. This document contains a traverse sheet summarizing the distances, directions, coordinate differences, and calculations performed for an unspecified traverse survey. Closed Link Traverse 1. traverse adjustment (compass rule) 11. It is used for running survey lines between stations, which have been previously fixed by other methods of survey, to locate the topographic details. deakin@rmit. Although often used in land and route surveying, it is also loop traverse) or on another point of known position (closed link traverse) computational checks can be applied to a closed traverse to check the quality of the survey. The program can then calculate the adjustments required in the stations to ensure closure. To solve the surveying problems easily, students should learn and remember the basic formulas based on certain fundamentals such as slope, distance, angle, and geometry. 7 Electronic Notebook 7. It allows the user to input observed angles and distances between stations and calculates bearings, coordinates, and coordinate differences between stations using trigonometric formulas. 12. Also I have described about Traversing: what are the types of Traverse (closed traverse, Open Traverse), Traverse calculations and adjustment of closing errors, traverse May 2, 2016 · Common surveying instruments and methods used in traverse surveying include chain, compass, theodolite, and plane table. Figure 1. Consider Fig. 9. This document discusses methods for computing latitude, departure, and area for traverse surveys in surveying. Aug 17, 2020 · Traverse Angle: Angle between two traverse legs, formed at a vertex/station. 4. The lengths of the sides are measured and the interior details are recorded. In traversing with a compass free or loose needle method is employed to determine direction of survey line. There are two main types of traverses discussed: open traverses which begin and end at known points, and closed traverses which start and finish at the same point or two known points, allowing for accuracy This document discusses traversing techniques in surveying. –3. They are: TRAVERSE COMPUTATION ON THE UTM PROJECTION FOR SURVEYS OF LIMITED EXTENT R. Fig 1 (a) open traverse (b) closed link traverse (c) closed loop traverse 1 | P a g e Engineering Surveying 1 ECESU1A (2020) CHAPTER 4 : TRAVERSE SURVEYING LEARNING OUTCOMES. This document discusses the basics of traversing in surveying. Key terms in traverse surveying include bearings, meridians, and reductions of bearings. List of Surveying Formulas (for All Concepts) Oct 5, 2017 · The document is a field work report for a surveying exercise to set out a ranging curve. Survey data is portrayed graphically by the construction of maps, profiles, cross sections, and diagrams. x =traverse perimeter linear misclose; e. Traversing is normally associated with the field work of measuring angles and distances between points on the ground. This uncertainty is attributable to network design, the number of instrument setups, the measurement the survey sub-menus in the SDR 33 are: 1) Topography - allows topography of a region to be measured. The purposes of traverses include property surveys, control for mapping, and construction layout. 0 Introduction According to the method employed, surveying is classified into Triangulation surveying and Traverse surveying. –2. FM 5-233 TYPES OF TRAVERSE Construction surveying makes use of two basic types of traverse—open traverse and closed traverse. Aug 12, 2017 · PDF | This descriptive research focuses on the role of land surveying in the development of an architectural plan through the detailed engineering | Find, read and cite all the research you Know what control survey entails and their roles in engineering and mine surveying. A traverse is aseries of consecutive straight lines along the path of a survey, the lengths and directions of which are or have been determined by field mea­ surements. The purpose is to document the Traversing is that type of survey in which a number of connected survey lines form the framework and the directions and lengths of the survey lines are measured with the help of an angle measuring instrument and tape or chain respectively. We present you with a host of formulas (more than 60) for your reference to solve all important surveying operations and questions. An open traverse is called a first class traverse. These Instructional PDFs were written while using Microsoft Excel 2019. 3. There are two types or classes of traverses. May 10, 2015 · 2. xls), PDF File (. Distances, angles, directions, locations, elevations, areas, and volumes are thus determined from the data of the survey. secondary or temporary horizontal control 4. The paper discusses various traverse types such as link, polygonal, open, and closed traverses, emphasizing their specific applications in surveying-related tasks like marking boundaries and planning routes. *Traverse Calculations -Traverse Calculation. It requires instruments to measure angles and distances 2. A traverse is developed by measuring the distance and angles between points that find the boundary of a site 4 Survey traverse uncertainty Like any surveying technique, the uncertainty of a conventional survey traverse will directly propagate into the final survey control mark coordinate uncertainty. 7. A traverse is developed by measuring the distance and angles between points that find the boundary of a site Traversing is the method of using lengths and directions of lines between points to determine positions of the points. Types of Surveying. Be sure the telescope is still pointed This is similar to that of Compass Survey or Transit Traversing. *Balancing latitude and departure -Correction for ∆E& ∆N: Bowditch adjustment or compass method -The example… Mar 14, 2018 · Are you looking for a simple way to calculate your traverse with a traverse computation sheet? Here you go!I have shared an excel spreadsheet for Traverse Corrections and Traverse Calculations by Compass Rule or Bowditch Rule. The scheme of observations is as shown in Figure E. It provides an overview of Excel Solver, the basic theory of least squares adjustment, and examples of setting up traverse adjustment models in Excel. Demo Version available! 1) The document describes conducting a boundary survey using a total station to collect angle and distance measurements along traverse lines. It involves calculating the latitude and departure of each line, summing the totals, and determining corrections. Open Traverse: (LINK TRAVERSE) A traverse is said to be open or unclosed when it does not form a closed polygon. Jul 12, 2015 · This document summarizes a closed traverse surveying experiment conducted by students. 16. •A traverse is said to be an open traverse when it does not form a closed polygon. Methods of plane table survey. 3) The results section shows the raw and corrected horizontal angle data tables, with the total correction of 1. g. Closed traverses allow errors to be checked while open traverses do not, so closed traverses are preferred for engineering projects. A closed traverse also has a misclose ratio 1: x. Record distance (in feet) and zenith angle (Z). It consists of a series of lines extending in the same general direction and not returning to the starting point. ii. Know the types of traverses and perform all the calculations that are required to obtain traverse coordinates from measured angles and distances. Objective: To plot a small area by chain surveying Theory: Chain surveying is that type of surveying in which only liner measurements are made in the field. 2 Grass N A C D E B Horizontal Control •Horizontal control is required for initial survey work (detail surveys) and for setting out. Types of Surveys: Geodetic Surveying: The type of surveying that takes into account the Surveying Calculations. Dada Sheet and Table method work clock wise surveying -Gales Traverse Table. If not, some calculation has been done incorrectly between the field data and this point. 5. Open Traverse An open traverse (figure 7-1) originates at a Surveyors get around such problems by “running a traverse”. Types of traverse. There are two types of traverses: open traverses that begin and end at different known points, and closed traverses that begin and end at the same known point, allowing for adjustment. It is however pivotal to understand the underlying concepts of open traverse calculations and closed traverse calculations. Traverse surveys are a fundamental component of land surveying, providing the foundation for accurately determining the position of points on the Earth's surface. 1 which shows the same parcel of land, as in Fig. The point and angular closures (i. Plane Tabling using Traversing Method . if the traverse perimeter is 850 Lecture 7 Traverse Adjustment and Area Computation by DMD and DPD - Free download as PDF File (. txt) or read online for free. Distances and directions determine the horizontal positions of these points. The first example shows calculations for a traverse with station positions, observed fore and back bearings, differences between bearings, included angles, and corrected bearings and stations free from attraction. D. 1. doc), PDF File (. The document describes the steps to calculate the coordinates and area of a traverse survey. traverse can be summarized in six basic steps, as follows: –1. It discusses open, closed, and connecting traverses. doc / . One of the principles ofengineering surveying, as discussed in section 1. Let’s assume that line AB in Figure 1 has a bearing of N 60° 50’23 Theory: Definition: Surveying which involves series of connected lines is known as traversing The sides of traverse are known is known as Traverse legs. Closed traverse survey using total station has particularly become popular in recent times. 2 GPS Observations / 311 Focused Approach Compass Surveying TRAVERSE In traverse surveying the direction of survey lines are fixed by angular measurements and not by forming a network of triangles as is done in chain surveying. traverse computations and adjustments 10. The document contains details of calculations for a closed traverse survey using the Bowditch method and the Transit method. This document discusses procedures for traverse calculations including adjusting angles or directions, determining bearings or azimuths, calculating latitudes and departures, balancing angles of closed traverses, adjusting latitudes and departures using the compass rule, calculating rectangular An underground Peg Calculation using the Double Set-Up Method Underground Peg Calculation using the "Double Set Up" Method This application is designed to solve the common underground Mine Survey problem of determining and checking the [Y, X, Z] (or [E, N, Z]) ordinates a new Peg. These points may be any physical thing: a highway, culvert, ditch, storm drain inlet, or property corner. Here the following topics of Surveying are discussed: Definition of Surveying; Objectives of Surveying; Principle of Surveying; Uses of Surveying; Types of surveying; Classifications of Surveying; Ranging, Tapes, Chains, Linear measurements; Chain Traverse Calculations - Free download as PDF File (. It includes information on the materials and tools used, two methods for setting out the curve (offset from tangent line and using deflection angles), and results including calculation data and tables of station coordinates, chords, and deflection angles. Traverse Adjustments. locating the boundaries of lakes, woods, etc. Classification Based on Instrument Used i. A closed traverse survey was conducted with 4 stations marked over 25m apart in a polygon shape, with the starting and ending points overlapping. The same procedure is used for Departures. 1 Introduction to Traverse Adjustments / 283 16. This paper presents some relatively simple techniques that can be employed to give reliable estimations of the precision of traverse stations that allows a simple assessment of the quality of a traverse. 2011 Survey Summit -- User Presentation Keywords: 2011 Survey Summit -- User Presentation, Math for Surveyors Created Date: 6/27/2011 4:16:59 PM traverse has a linear misclose which is the length of an assumed ‘misclose vector’ (or missing line) whose east and north components are the sums of the east and north components of the . 2. 2 SURVEY CLOSURE STANDARDS. Survey closure standards listed in Tables 4-1 and 4-2 should be used as a basis for classifying, standardizing, and evaluating survey work. In this chapter we will cover computational differences between closed loop and link traverses. It includes an introduction to closed and open traverse surveying. . It then describes how to carry out a traverse by measuring angles and distances between stations. 5 Minimum Amount of Control / 291 16. This uncertainty is attributable to network design, the number of instrument setups, the measurement Mar 23, 2019 · Common surveying instruments and methods used in traverse surveying include chain, compass, theodolite, and plane table. Purpose of traverse: It is a convenient, rapid method for establishing horizontal control particularly when the lines of sights are short due to heavily built up areas where triangulation and trilateration are not applicable. A traverse is one means ofproviding a network of horizontal control in which position is determined by a combination ofangle and iv) Archeological survey is carried out to discover and map ancient/relies of antiquity. Key steps include defining the observations, constraints, and objective to minimize the weighted residuals of adjusted Formatting techniques are not provided, and it is assumed the user has basic knowledge of Microsoft Excel. 1 Introduction / 310 17. –5. Point telescope at the reflection mirror and press distance button. docx), PDF File (. Plane Table Survey- Principles, Advantages and disadvantages, Equipment, Accessories and their uses. Determine the error of closure and accuracy; if unacceptable, then redo traverse or parts of traverse. It outlines the components and functions of surveying equipment used, including theodolites, tripods, level rods, and plummets. I have prepared an excel Theodolite Traversing Calculation - Calculation (2) - Free download as Word Doc (. Q-Cogo has no maximum number of points, but zooming and panning sketches with many points (500+) will result in laggy performance on slow computers. It is a method of surveying in which the area to be divided into a number of triangles. The program provides 1000 rows for calculations and the calculated coordinates can be copied and pasted into b. Surveying - Traverse Almost all surveying requires some calculations to reduce measurements into a more useful form for determining distance, earthwork volumes, land areas, etc. Deakin School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University email: rod. •The simplest form is a TRAVERSE - used to find out the co-ordinates of loop traverse) or on another point of known position (closed link traverse) computational checks can be applied to a closed traverse to check the quality of the survey. If acceptable, move to step 5. au March 2006 ABSTRACT Given a set of cadastral traverse measurements reduced to a local plane, grid coordinates (EN,) can be computed in two ways: (i) reduce the traverse more sophisticated mathematical techniques are required for proper traverse analysis. When the area is large, undulating and having more details, the scheme of triangulation may not be feasiblClIn such cases traversing is very useful and is generally adopted. This tie consist of distance observation made to nearby fixed objects. Also, take a look at the Land Survey Calculations Excel Spreadsheet. Compute the angular error and adjust the angles. It defines a traverse as a polygon of 2D or 3D vectors whose sides are expressed as polar coordinates or rectangular coordinate differences. 4, is that horizontal and vertical control must be established for surveying detail and for set­ ting out engineering projects. Traversing is used for surveying details, setting Nov 29, 2015 · The document describes procedures for traversing fieldwork such as collecting angle and distance measurements, calculating bearings, latitudes and departures, and adjusting for closure errors. are explained in greater details with emphasis on traverse adjustments and computations. For the GTS surveys work, the surveyor uses an identified or permanent benchmark to calculate the elevation of the points. Procedure for surveying the given open field (Closed Traverse): Note: This procedure is general procedure only. This document describes how to use Microsoft Excel Solver to perform least squares adjustment of survey traverse data. coordinate computations 7. A series of connected survey lines of known lengths and directions is called a traverse. Surveying - Traverse Almost all surveying requires some calculations to reduce measurements into a more helpful form for determining distance, earthwork volumes, land areas, etc. Compute course bearings or azimuths. 2) For area calculations to be accurate, the interior angles of a closed traverse must sum to (n-2)×180 degrees, where n is the number of sides. Rise and Fall Method Formula 1. Traverses can be closed (forming a polygon or link) or open. 6, but this time with a traverse. This document Open navigation menu LAB #3: SURVEY OF AN AREA BY CHAIN SURVEY (CLOSED TRAVERSE) Objective: To survey an open field by chain survey in order to calculate the area of the open field. Traverse calculations involve adjusting angles or directions to ensure closure of the network of points. This document contains a survey exam with multiple choice and free response questions. Compass Surveying – Principles use of Prismatic Compass, Measurement of bearings, Conversion of bearings, Local attraction, Correction of compass traverse. when it Surveying manual Surveying is the science of determining the relative positions of objects or points on the earth’s surface. 7. Setup total station at a point on traverse (Center and level), and hold reflection rod at another point (not the diagonal point). Ghilani, P. -Coordinate conversions. May 1, 2021 · Traverse survey is an integral pa rt of plane control survey, wh ich is to select a batch of plane control points in the survey area to form a plane control network, and use accurate methods to Traversing is a method of control survey that establishes control points by transferring coordinates from known stations through a series of intervisible points. A traverse is sim-ply a series of survey lines that are run at convenient locations, usually not too far from actual boundary lines. Traversing is used to establish coordinates for new points which can then be used for mapping existing features or setting out new work. It covers the compass rule and transit rule for balancing latitudes and departures. A traverse is a series of consecutive lines whose lengths and directions have been measured to extend horizontal control over a site. Explain what traverse is and know the field methods and computational methods related to it. The purpose includes: - Ground control surveys for photogrammetric mapping. The key steps are determining angular measurements, computing errors of closure importance etc. and for the survey of moderately large areas. It begins by explaining control surveys and coordinate systems used in surveying like rectangular and polar coordinates. traverse legs. Having undergone through this study, the student will be able to understand the basic principles of traverse surveying, the correct way to record the observations in traverse table field work, checks and errors, Mar 9, 2017 · This document provides information about traversing and site surveying techniques. •It is suitable for the survey of a long narrow strip of H. -Signs of Departures and Latitudes. Errors in the measurements were detected through misclosure calculations and TRAVERSE SURVEYING Referencing Traverse Stations: Figure: 1 (C. The document describes a traverse survey which establishes control points by measuring horizontal distances and angles between stations using a total station. This relative The following pdf lecture is created by GAURAV. 1). 2) Traverse Adjustment - allows series of stations used as traverse to be calculated for closure. •It consists of a series of lines extending in the same general direction and does not return to the starting point. dyn yeejpk gfbc mbiaq vndr jnoahc pztjkim fmpm ptwcjr ahj jkoru tlv spnpc votkp yhkv